Syncope causes, by system
CNS causes include HEAD:
Hypoxia/Hypoglycemia
Epilepsy
Anxiety
Dysfunctional brain stem (basivertebral TIA)
Cardiac causes are HEART:
Heart attack
Embolism (PE)
Aortic obstruction (IHSS, AS or myxoma)
Rhythm disturbance, ventricular
Tachycardia
Vascular causes are VESSELS:
Vasovagal
Ectopic (reminds one of hypovolemia)
Situational
Subclavian steal
ENT (glossopharyngeal neuralgia)
Low systemic vascular resistance (Addison's, diabetic vascular neuropathy)
Sensitive carotid sinus

 Mnemonic:
HEAD HEART VESSELS

More mnemonics in this category

Acute LVF management
Lasix (furosemide) Morphine (diamorphine) Nitrates Oxygen (sit patient up) Pulmonary ventilation (if doing badly)
Atrial fibrillation: causes of new onset
Thyroid Hypothermia Embolism (P.E.) Alcohol Trauma (cardiac contusion) Recent surgery (post CABG)
GCS Intubation
- Under 8, intubate
Ipecac: contraindications
- 4 C's: Comatose Convulsing Corrosive hydroCarbon
JVP: raised JVP differential
Pericardial effusion Quantity of fluid raised (fluid over load) Right heart failure Superior vena caval obstruction Tricuspid stenosis/Tricuspid regurgitation/Tamponade (cardiac)
Life threatening injuries in major trauma
ATOMFC A - airway obstruction T - tension pneumothroax
MI: immediate treatment
Diamorphine Oxygen GTN spray Asprin 300 mg Streptokinase Heparin
PEA/Asystole (ACLS): etiology
Infarction Tension pneumothorax Cardiac tamponade Hypovolemia/Hypothermia/Hypo-,Hyperkalemia/Hypomagnesmia/Hypoxemia Pulmonary embolism Acidosis
Rapid sequence intubation (RSI)
Suction Oxygen Airway Equipment Positioning Monitoring & Meds EtCO2 & other Equipment
Respiratory burns
6 symptoms of respiratory burns. 6 S's: Sounds: cough, wheeze, stridor, hoarseness
Shock: signs and symptoms
Thirst Vomiting Sweating Pulse weak Anxious Respirations shallow/rapid
Shock: types
Respiratory Neurogenic Cardiogenic Hemorrhagic Anaphylactic Metabolic
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes
Berry aneurysm Arteriovenous malformation/Adult polycystic kidney disease Trauma Stroke BATS
Tension pneumothorax: signs and symptoms
Pleuritic pain Tracheal deviation Hyperresonance Onset sudden Reduced breath sounds (and dyspnea) Absent fremitus